The varicocele condition presents in 5 to 25% of men, which causes dilated or enlarged veins in the scrotum. Varicoceles are a major reason for male infertility. Approximately 20 to 40% of males who suffer from infertility have varicoceles.
Many factors, such as the increased pressure inside the veins and smooth muscle present in the scrotal vein walls, could be the cause of the development of varicoceles.
Mostly, varicoceles are tiny and don’t always result in any major problems in fertility. It is said that over 80% of men with varicoceles do not have any symptoms and do not have any issues with fertility. However, in some cases, varicoceles could make men infertile. Therefore, let’s see what it is and how it impacts infertility in men.
What Is A Varicocele?
A varicocele is caused when a varicose vein in the testicle or scrotum makes it hard to get pregnant and causes pain, shrinkage, or atrophy. The common functionality of the veins is to enable blood flow from the scrotum and testicle back to the heart. When these valves fail to do that, the blood starts to pool and enlarges the veins around the scrotum and testicle to cause a varicocele.
How Does Varicocele Affect Fertility In Males?
Healthcare providers often link varicocele and low sperm count while discussing fertility problems in men. Varicoceles can be the main factor that affects fertility in men and causes up to 40% infertility in men. Let’s see how this condition affects fertility in men:
- Sperm DNA Fragmentation and Oxidative Stress
The primary way that varicocele affects fertility is by increasing oxidative stress. This results in higher levels of reactive oxygen species, fragmenting sperm DNA, and damaging sperm cells. This can impact conception and embryo development, making it difficult for couples to get pregnant naturally.
- Sperm Quality and Production
Varicocele impairs the potential of the testicles to produce quality sperm. This might cause low sperm count, improper sperm structure and shape, and decreased sperm motility. This results in poor sperm quality in many males.
- Testicular Function and Temperature
Varicocele escalates the temperature inside the affected testicle, impairing the blood flow. This can be detrimental to sperm production. Additionally, the increased heat can result in reduced testosterone production and hormonal imbalances, affecting overall testicle function.
Many males with this condition do not have any problems conceiving children. As the blood accumulates in the veins, the temperature will automatically increase inside your scrotum. The increased heat inside the testicles might impair sperm production and count. Consult a doctor at the best fertility hospital in coimbatore in case you have issues with fertility.
What Are Varicocele Symptoms?
- Lump or Swelling in the Scrotum
The infected testicle might appear smaller, and the veins in the testicles are notably enlarged, looking swollen or twisted.
- Pain in the Testicles
The pain in the testicular area can range from mild to a feeling of heaviness. Physical activity, heat exposure, and standing for a long time worsen this condition.
- Infertility Problems
Varicocele might be the underlying cause for men who face challenges with conceiving. This is usually found during fertility evaluations.
Usually, varicocele does not show any signs, and many males only find this condition while going for a regular checkup. However, if you face any of the above varicocele symptoms, then it is vital to check with a professional adviser.
What Are The Available Treatment Options For Varicocele?
1) Percutaneous Embolization
Percutaneous embolization is a minimally invasive method where a small solution or coil is placed through a tube to block the dilated veins, redirecting the flow of blood away from the varicocele using healthy veins. This procedure does not have challenges and has faster recovery times when compared to other traditional surgeries.
2) Varicocelectomy (Varicocele Surgery)
This surgery involves linking the infected veins to divert the flow of blood through healthy veins. It is often performed with local or general anesthesia. The varicocele procedure can be done with techniques such as microsurgery, open surgery, or laparoscopic techniques, each providing different advantages and recovery times.
3) Non-Surgical Approaches
For men with mild varicoceles that don’t lead to significant discomfort or fertility problems, medical advisors might suggest lifestyle modifications and regular monitoring, including avoiding standing for long periods, reducing physical activity, and managing stress levels. In some cases, where male infertility continues, advanced techniques such as ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) could be considered.
Conclusion
Varicocele is one of the general conditions that can majorly affect the fertility of men, resulting in low sperm count, higher levels of DNA fragmentation in sperm, and poor sperm quality. However, with the best IVF treatment in coimbatore and timely diagnosis, many males can enhance their semen quality and boost their chances of conception. It is vital for males who struggle with infertility and experience symptoms to seek medical advice.